[35] Fifty to seventy percent of the world's total lighting market sales were incandescent in 2010. A typical Fluorescent lamp consists of a glass tube coated with phosphor and containing a pair of electrodes at each end. CFLs, like all fluorescent lamps, contain mercury[77][78] as vapor inside the glass tubing. "To Switch, or Not to Switch: A Critical Analysis of Canada's Ban on Incandescent Light Bulbs,". When the gas reaches a certain energy level, it begins to give off photons at certain wavelengths that cause the lamp to produce visible light.Compared to traditional incandescent lamps, fluorescent light bulbs are more costly to purchase, but use electricity much more efficiently. In areas with coal-fired power stations, the use of CFLs saves on mercury emissions when compared to the use of incandescent bulbs. [19] A CFL will thrive in areas that have good airflow, such as in a table lamp.[21]. In particular, narrow bands of shorter-wavelength radiation are usually present even for lamps of low color temperature ("warm" light).[22]. [89] Several states, including Vermont, New Hampshire, California, Minnesota, New York, Maine, Connecticut and Rhode Island, have regulations that are more stringent than the federal UWR. Accessed 6 Jan. 2021. The US Energy Star program suggests that fluorescent lamps be left on when leaving a room for less than 15 minutes to mitigate this problem. [68] Some CFLs are marketed as "instant on" and have no noticeable warm-up period,[69] but others can take up to a minute to reach full brightness,[70] or longer in very cold temperatures. Created as a more energy-efficient option for conventional incandescent applications, CFLs screw into a medium base socket and utilize a spiral design – as opposed to a long tube – making it "compact." [1] Like all fluorescent lamps, CFLs contain toxic mercury[2] which complicates their disposal. Improved phosphor formulations have improved the perceived color of the light emitted by CFLs, such that some sources rate the best "soft white" CFLs as subjectively similar in color to standard incandescent lamps. In areas where coal is not used to produce energy, the emissions would be less for both types of bulb. Spectroscopic analysis confirmed the presence of significant UVA and UVC radiation, which the study's authors conjectured was attributable to damage in the bulbs' internal phosphor coatings. [71][72] The halogen lamp lights immediately, and is switched off once the CFL has reached full brightness. At closer distances, comparisons show that CFLs emit less UVA (long wavelength) radiation than incandescent light bulbs. CFLs are extremely cost-effective in commercial buildings when used to replace incandescent lamps. The color temperature is characteristic of black-body radiation; practical white light sources approximate the radiation of a black body at a given temperature, but will not have an identical spectrum. By the end of their lives, CFLs can be expected to produce 70–80% of their original light output. What made you want to look up compact fluorescent lamp? [58][59] The use of CFLs in homes has no appreciable effect on power quality, but significant quantities of them in a large facility can have an impact. The dimmer switch used in conjunction with a dimmable CFL must be matched to its power consumption range;[55] many dimmers installed for use with incandescent bulbs do not function acceptably below 40 W, whereas CFL applications commonly draw power in the range 7–20 W. Dimmable CFLs have been marketed before suitable dimmers are available. Using average U.S. commercial electricity and gas rates for 2006, a 2008 article found that replacing each 75 W incandescent lamp with a CFL resulted in yearly savings of $22 in energy usage, reduced HVAC cost, and reduced labour to change lamps. Compact fluorescent lamps (CFL bulbs) are a twist on traditional fluorescent technology. The amount of mercury released by one bulb can temporarily exceed U.S. federal guidelines for chronic exposure. [17] In the United States, CFLs were also facing the possibility of proposed regulations for 2017 that would create difficulty qualifying for the Energy Star rating. [65] Light output in the first few minutes drops at low temperatures. [40] Since CFLs use much less energy than incandescent lamps (ILs), a phase-out of ILs would result in less carbon dioxide (CO2) being emitted into the atmosphere. To fit enough phosphor coated area within the approximate overall dimensions of an incandescent lamp, standard shapes of CFL tube are a helix with one or more turns, multiple parallel tubes, circular arc, or a butterfly. Like CFLs, the light output degrades as the bulb ages though somewhat more slowly. Are there environmental concerns when using Compact Fluorescent Light Bulbs? In the case of a 5-minute on/off cycle the lifespan of some CFLs may be reduced to that of incandescent light bulbs. The latest types exhibit superior efficacies, and a choice of color temperature. [11] It was based on the SL1000 prototype from 1976. What are compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs)? Closed (double-envelope) CFLs are shielded and emit a lower total UV radiation compared to incandescent or halogen bulbs of a similar wattage. While it sounds like a promising idea, it turns out that the long-lasting, swirl-shaped light bulbs known as, Post the Definition of compact fluorescent lamp to Facebook, Share the Definition of compact fluorescent lamp on Twitter, Words From 1921: 100 Years Old and Still Around, The Difference Between 'Libel' and 'Liable', 'Talented': That Vile and Barbarous Vocable. Details and Downloads. It is filled with an inert gas typically argon which acts as conductor and also consists of mercury liquid. [16] LED prices fell well below US$5 for a basic bulb in 2015. The current price of CFLs reflects the manufacturing of nearly all CFLs in China, where labour costs less. Look at your utility bill and imagine a 12% discount to estimate the savings."[44]. We are going to tackle the question which light bulb type reigns supreme? Start your free trial today and get unlimited access to America's largest dictionary, with: Time Traveler for compact fluorescent lamp. There seems to be more variability within bulb types than between them, but the best option is shielded CFLs. Text--Keep Fluorescent lamps out of the trash. [citation needed], In the United States, new standards proposed by the United States Department of Energy could result in LED bulbs replacing CFLs. Exchanging ILs for efficient CFLs on a global scale would achieve annual CO2 reductions of 230 Mt (million tons), more than the combined yearly CO2 emissions of the Netherlands and Portugal. ", CPSC, Teng Fei Trading Inc. Cool white (4100 K) is the most common fluorescent lamp color. Cold-cathode CFLs can be dimmed to low levels, making them popular replacements for incandescent bulbs on dimmer circuits. The first step of processing CFLs involves crushing the bulbs in a machine that uses negative pressure ventilation and a mercury-absorbing filter or cold trap to contain mercury vapor. Definition of Compact Fluorescent Light (CFL) What Is Community Fluorescent Light? [66] Cold-cathode CFLs will start and perform in a wide range of temperatures due to their different design. [46], According to an August 2009 newspaper report, some manufacturers claimed that CFLs could be used to replace higher-power incandescent lamps than justified by their light output. [85][86] Chronic, however, implies exposure for a significant time, and it remains unclear what the health risks are from short-term exposure to low levels of elemental mercury. : a usually tubular electric lamp having a coating of fluorescent material on its inner surface and containing mercury vapor whose bombardment by electrons from the cathode provides ultraviolet light which causes the material to emit visible light Examples of fluorescent lamp in a Sentence CFLs are produced for both alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) input. CCFLs use electrodes without a filament. A bi-pin tube contains an integrated starter, which obviates the need for external heating pins but causes incompatibility with electronic ballasts. ", "Home Depot Offers Recycling for Compact Fluorescent Bulbs", "Compact Fluorescent Lamp Recycling Project Phase I Draft Report Background Research and Program Options", http://www.ashdenawards.org/winners/mpgvm, http://www.ashdenawards.org/winners/Dlight10, "Program for Evaluation and Analysis of Residential Lighting (PEARL) | Programs | LRC", Energy Star Program Requirements for CFLS Partner Commitments, Plug-In Plug-in CFL (PL Type) Lamps / Non-integrated Bulbs, A technical description of a typical CFL circuit, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Compact_fluorescent_lamp&oldid=997041892, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2019, Articles lacking reliable references from October 2011, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2012, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2009, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2011, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2016, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2011, Articles needing additional references from November 2015, All articles needing additional references, Articles with multiple maintenance issues, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 29 December 2020, at 19:10. Can CFLs interfere with electronic equipment? For those with skin sensitivity long term indoor exposure may be a concern, in which case they may want to use a bulb with lower UV radiation output. type of fluorescent lamp. [89] Home-supply chain stores make free CFL recycling widely available.[90]. The problem can come from improper disposal. In the United States, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency estimated that if all 270 million CFLs sold in 2007 were sent to landfill sites, around 0.13 metric tons of mercury would be released, 0.1% of all U.S. emissions of mercury (around 104 metric tons that year). 3-way lamps and dimmable models with standard bases are available. MASTER PL-T is an efficient compact fluorescent lamp, typically used in general downlights for retail, hospitality and office applications demanding higher lighting levels. [35] Compared to a theoretical 100%-efficient lamp (680 lm/W), CFL lamps have lighting efficiency ranges of 7–10%,[36] versus 1.5–2.5%[37] for incandescents. See, Scientific Committee on Emerging and Newly Identified Health Risks, National Electrical Manufacturers Association, electromagnetically induced acoustic noise, Learn how and when to remove these template messages, Learn how and when to remove this template message, "CFL Bulbs Have One Hitch: Toxic Mercury", "The Best Compact Fluorescent Light Bulbs: PM Lab Test", "Inventing Six Modern Electric Lamps: Compact Fluorescent – The Challenge of Manufacturing", "Edward E. Hammer of Nela Park invented compact fluorescent light bulbs: news obituary", "Father of the compact fluorescent bulb looks back", "Philips Tornado Asian Compact Fluorescent", "As LEDs burn bright, it'll soon be lights out for CFL bulbs", "A Dealer Guide to Energy Star: Putting Energy into Profits", Buying and Selling Gems:What Light is Best? In the US, it is estimated that replacing all the incandescents would save 80 TWh yearly. [57] Above 80%, the bulb may operate at 100%. Safe disposal requires storing the bulbs unbroken until they can be processed. n 1. a type of lamp in which an electrical gas discharge is maintained in a tube with a thin layer of phosphor on its inside surface. General Electric had considered changing one of its bulb plants to make CFLs, but said that even after a $40 million investment in converting a plant, wage differences would mean costs would be 50% higher. Non-integrated CFLs have the ballast permanently installed in the luminaire, and usually only the fluorescent tube is changed at its end of life. According to the European Commission Scientific Committee on Emerging and Newly Identified Health Risks (SCENIHR) in 2008, CFLs may pose an added health risk due to the ultraviolet and blue light emitted. Fluorescent grow lights are great for indoor grow rooms, but not all fluorescents are equal. [39] Replacing all inefficient lighting with CFLs would save 409 terawatt-hours (1.47 exajoules) per year, 2.5% of the world's electricity consumption. [38], Because of their higher efficacy, CFLs use between one-seventh and one-third of the power of equivalent incandescent lamps. Xiangshan solved this problem by bending the tubes by hand, made possible by the then-low labor costs in China. Neutral white (3500 K) is becoming popular for office and retail use. [24][25][26] However, the actual lifetime of any lamp depends on many factors, including operating voltage, manufacturing defects, exposure to voltage spikes, mechanical shock, frequency of cycling on and off, lamp orientation, and ambient operating temperature, among other factors. Meaning of fluorescent lamp. This generates invisible ultraviolet light that excites a fluorescent coating (called phosphor) on the inside of the tube, which then emits visible light. Some that use a mercury amalgam can take up to three minutes to reach full output. In September 2010, the Winchester, Virginia, General Electric plant closed,[46] leaving Osram Sylvania and the tiny American Light Bulb Manufacturing Inc. the last companies to make standard incandescent bulbs in the United States. Tests have shown that radiation exposure from CFLs is negligible at 150 centimeter distance from the source. Arabic: please add this translation if you can; Compact Fluorescent lamps (bulbs) are either pin-based (they plug into a socket) or they are medium screw-based (they screw into the same socket as common incandescent bulbs). The lamps use a tube which is curved or folded to fit into the space of an incandescent bulb, and a compact electronic ballast in the base of the lamp. There are two types of dimmable CFL on the market: Standard dimmable CFLs, and "switch-dimmable" CFLs. of Energy, Greening Federal Facilities, 2nd Edition, ', Ivanco, M., Karney, B.W., Waher, K.J. In the beginning, all we had was the standard, incandescent light bulb. In India, "nearly 60 per cent of the lighting market in India has been taken over by LEDs" by 2018. Modern phosphor designs balance the emitted light color, energy efficiency, and cost. The study's authors suggest that the ultraviolet exposure could be limited by the use of "double-walled" bulbs manufactured with an additional glass covering surrounding the phosphor-coated layer. These countries have established special collection systems for CFLs and other hazardous waste. [31], Fluorescent lamps get dimmer over their lifetime,[32] so what starts out as an adequate luminosity may become inadequate. Linear fluorescent lamps are functionally identical to compact fluorescent (CFL) lamps. What does fluorescent lamp mean? A compact fluorescent lamp (CFL), also called compact fluorescent light, energy-saving light and compact fluorescent tube, is a fluorescent lamp designed to replace an incandescent light bulb; some types fit into light fixtures designed for incandescent bulbs. Compact Fluorescent Lamps are miniaturized fluorescent lamps that usually have premium phosphors which often come packaged with integral or modular ballast, as shown in the image below. As of 2009[update], CFLs turn on within a second, but many still take time to achieve full brightness. The principle of operation remains the same as in other fluorescent lighting: electrons that are bound to mercury atoms are excited to states where they will radiate ultraviolet light as they return to a lower energy level; this emitted ultraviolet light is converted into visible light as it strikes the fluorescent coating (as well as into heat when absorbed by other materials such as glass). There are two types of CFLs: integrated and non-integrated lamps (CFL-i = integrated ballast and CFL-ni = non-integrated ballast). For the average user, UV radiation from indoor lights does not appear to be a concern. Ballast failures are usually due to overheating and may be accompanied by discoloration or distortion of the ballast enclosure, odors, or smoke. [84] Their main advantage is much simpler driving circuitry. [86] Despite following EPA best-practice clean-up guidelines on broken CFLs, researchers were unable to remove mercury from carpet, and agitation of the carpet — such as by young children playing — created localized concentrations as high as 0.025 mg/m3 in air close to the carpet, even weeks after the initial breakage. In Winnipeg, Canada, it was estimated that CFLs would only generate 17% savings in energy compared to incandescent bulbs, as opposed to the 75% savings that could have been expected without space heating considerations. In the European Union, CFLs are one of many products subject to the WEEE recycling scheme. Compact fluorescent lamp Fluorescent light bulb in which the tube is folded or twisted into a spiral to concentrate the light output. Definition of fluorescent lamp in the Definitions.net dictionary. A compact fluorescent lamp (CFL), also called compact fluorescent light, energy-saving light and compact fluorescent tube, is a fluorescent lamp designed to replace an incandescent light bulb; some types fit into light fixtures designed for incandescent bulbs. Define fluorescent lamp. Compared to general-service incandescent lamps giving the same amount of visible light, CFLs use one-fifth to one-third the electric power, and last eight to fifteen times longer. [18] Current recommendations for fully enclosed, unventilated light fixtures (such as those recessed into insulated ceilings), are either to use "reflector CFLs" (R-CFL),[19][20] cold-cathode CFLs or to replace such fixtures with those designed for CFLs. Some CFLs are labeled not to be run base up, since heat will shorten the ballast's life. [51] New North American technical standards aim to eliminate smoke or excess heat at the end of lamp life.[52]. This electromagnetically induced acoustic noise comes from the vibration of the magnetic core of the ballast subject to electromagnetic forces. Delivered to your inbox! [41], If a building's indoor incandescent lamps are replaced by CFLs, the heat produced due to lighting is significantly reduced. Due to the potential to reduce electric consumption and pollution, various organizations have encouraged the adoption of CFLs and other efficient lighting. CCFLs still have a significant warm up time (though modern electrode materials have mitigated this somewhat) and suffer similar sputtering of the electrodes when switched on cold which shortens their life. [48] Equivalent wattage claims can be replaced by comparison of actual light output produced by the lamp, which is measured in lumens and marked on the packaging. A compact fluorescent lamp (CFL), is a type of lamp (or light bulb) designed to fit into the same space and usually also the same socket as an incandescent bulb, but with the advantages of a fluorescent lamp. The lamps use a tube which is curved or folded to fit into the space of an incandescent bulb, and a compact electronic ballast in the base of the lamp. They do, however, emit higher levels of UVB (short wavelength) radiation. In this mercury vapor gets excited by the electric current which in turn generates short ultraviolet light waves. [5], The parent to the modern fluorescent lamp was invented in the late 1890s by Peter Cooper Hewitt. Can I use a CFL in applications where I will be turning the lights on/off frequently? A 2012 study comparing cellular health effects of CFL light and incandescent light found statistically significant cell damage in cultures exposed to CFL light. The graph assumes that CFLs last an average of 8,000 hours regardless of manufacturer and premature breakage. CFLs are a type of fluorescent lamp. PEARL has evaluated the performance and ENERGY STAR compliance of more than 150 models of CFL bulbs.[94][95]. Reg. CFLs are available with cold-weather ballasts, which may be rated to as low as −28.8 °C (−20 °F). Broken lamps can release mercury to the air and water. The EPA and the Maine DEP recommend a sealed glass jar as the best repository for a broken bulb.[88]. [citation needed], The input stage of a CFL is a rectifier, which presents a non-linear load to the power supply and introduces harmonic distortion on the current drawn from the supply. Color names used for modern CFLs and other tri-phosphor lamps vary between manufacturers, unlike the standardized names used with older halophosphate fluorescent lamps. Every extra phosphor added to the coating mix improves color rendering but decreases efficiency and increases cost. This is due to the reduced electrical power demand, reducing in turn the amount of mercury released by coal as it is burned. These lamps allow consumers to replace incandescent lamps easily with CFLs. In the United States, the Program for the Evaluation and Analysis of Residential Lighting (PEARL) was created to be a watchdog program. The intent of the program is to reduce consumer concerns due to variable quality of products. Compact Fluorescent Light Bulbs are guaranteed for 8,000 hours. The light produced by some single-envelope CFLs at distances of less than 20 cm (7.9 in) could lead to ultraviolet exposures approaching the current workplace limit set to protect workers from skin and retinal damage. However, industry sources claim the UV radiation received from CFLs is too small to contribute to skin cancer and the use of double-envelope CFLs "largely or entirely" mitigates any other risks.[73]. “Compact fluorescent lamp.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/compact%20fluorescent%20lamp. The voltage of CCFLs is about 5 times higher than CFLs, and the current is about 10 times lower. For other low-energy bulbs, see, "Energy efficient lighting" redirects here. No cellular damage was observed following exposure to incandescent light of equivalent intensity. [69] This and the shorter life of CFLs when turned on and off for short periods may make CFLs less suitable for applications such as motion-activated lighting. "Energy Star Light Bulbs for Consumers" is a resource for finding and comparing Energy Star qualified lamps. Integrated CFLs work well in many standard incandescent light fixtures, reducing the cost of converting to fluorescent. The adapter consists of a regular bulb screw, the ballast itself and a clip for the lamp's connector. [6] George Inman later teamed with General Electric to create a practical fluorescent lamp, sold in 1938 and patented in 1941. [97], In the United Kingdom, a similar program is run by the Energy Saving Trust to identify lighting products that meet energy conservation and performance guidelines.[98]. Replacement of magnetic ballasts with electronic ballasts has removed most of the flickering and slow starting traditionally associated with fluorescent lighting, and has allowed the development of smaller lamps directly interchangeable with more sizes of incandescent light bulb. National Electrical Manufacturer's Association NEMA, U.S. Dept. In the U.S., lighting manufacturer members of the National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) have voluntarily capped the amount of mercury used in CFLs. The ballast of fluorescent lamps can make a buzzing sound. CFLs designed for use in such fixtures are available. Many municipalities are purchasing such machines. CCFLs have a diameter of about 3 millimeters. [81] In the EU the same cap is required by the RoHS law. The efficacy (lumens per watt) is about half that of CFLs[citation needed]. White LEDs have advanced to the stage where they are a good substitute for the compact fluorescent lamp. [47] At that time, Ellis Yan, whose Chinese company made the majority of CFLs sold in the United States, said he was interested in building a United States factory to make CFL bulbs, but wanted $12.5 million from the U.S. government to do so. A fluorescent lamp is a type of discharge lamp that has low pressure; discharges the mercury vapor gas and employs the phenomena of fluorescence to produce visible light. [30] So, presuming the illumination provided by the lamp was ample at the beginning of its life, and the light output of a bulb gradually decreases by 25%, viewers will perceive a much smaller change in light intensity. [92] Ivanco, Karney, and Waher estimated that "If all homes in Quebec were required to switch from (incandescent) bulbs to CFLs, there would be an increase of almost 220,000 tonnes in CO2 emissions in the province, equivalent to the annual emissions from more than 40,000 automobiles.". Or a conventional light fixture using an adapter containing a pair of at... Last 8–10 times as long and use at most a quarter of the environmental Management Act all! Stores make free CFL recycling widely available. [ 90 ] of products of flow of free electrons ions! 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General electric to create a practical fluorescent lamp translation, English dictionary of! Designs balance the emitted light color may be slightly different immediately after being turned on and off ) the... Cfl sales and production 6 ] George Inman later teamed with General electric the. From publicity to encourage awareness, to direct handouts of CFLs reflects the manufacturing of nearly all CFLs China... Spirals using automated machinery were devised to reduce consumer concerns due to overheating and may reduced... Found statistically significant cell damage in cultures exposed to CFL light and efficacy! Tube ( also called bulb or burner ) aggravate symptoms in people who already suffer skin conditions that them!, combining a halogen lamp with a recent Energy Star certification start in less than one and! Lamps, and later manufactured for use in such fixtures are available. [ 88.... Uwr ) consumers to replace an incandescent lamp. [ 90 ] of! 'S life lamps and dimmable models with standard bases are available with cold-weather ballasts which! Levels of UVB can burn superficial layers increases, the use of incandescent lamps easily with CFLs the names... 0000+ solar powered kerosene-lamp replacements assisted by aid agencies: 3100°K is typical ; individual bulbs vary their., customers increasingly migrated toward LEDs for each watt of electrical power used, Osram started selling its model lamp. The environmental Management Act and all amending regulations `` nearly 60 per cent of the trash by as. Where warm up time is unacceptable fluorescent technology lighting and Appliance Program show that CFLs last an average of hours. M., Karney, B.W., Waher, K.J equivalent incandescent bulb. [ 94 ] [ 72 ] design! Https: //www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/compact % 20fluorescent % 20lamp % 20fluorescent % 20lamp, M. Karney. Or a conventional light fixture using an adapter containing a pair of electrodes at each.... By hand, made possible by the RoHS law ( lumens per watt ) is becoming popular for office retail... Words that are designed to replace incandescent lamps the fluorescent tube is at.
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