[65][111], The security community shifted its attention to Orion. [227][228], The Administrative Office of the United States Courts initiated an audit, with DHS, of the U.S. Judiciary's Case Management/Electronic Case Files (CM/ECF) system. [13], Also in 2020, Microsoft detected attackers using Microsoft Azure infrastructure in an attempt to access emails belonging to CrowdStrike. [114] One security researcher offers the likely operational date, February 27, 2020 with a significant change of aspect on October 30, 2020. [20] VMware released patches on December 3, 2020. Discovery of the breaches at the Treasury and the Department of Commerce immediately raised concerns that the attackers would attempt to breach other departments, or had already done so. [81], On December 12, 2020, a National Security Council (NSC) meeting was held at the White House to discuss the breach of federal organizations. ", "Suspected Russian hack: Was it an epic cyber attack or spy operation? [73][3] Biden's incoming chief of staff, Ron Klain, said the Biden administration's response to the hack would extend beyond sanctions. Russia was first named in the Washington Post and the New York Times on December 13, on the same day that FireEye and SolarWinds announced the alleged hack. [244], By contrast, Microsoft president Brad Smith termed the hack a cyberattack,[241] stating that it was "not 'espionage as usual,' even in the digital age" because it was "not just an attack on specific targets, but on the trust and reliability of the world's critical infrastructure. [1] The NSA uses SolarWinds software itself. [45][128], On December 23, 2020, Senator Bob Menendez asked the State Department to end its silence about the extent of its breach, and Senator Richard Blumenthal asked the same of the Veterans Administration. [9][27] On December 15, FireEye confirmed that the vector used to attack the Treasury and other government departments was the same one that had been used to attack FireEye: a trojaned software update for SolarWinds Orion. Recent news articles have all been talking about the massive Russian cyberattack against the United States, but that’s wrong on two accounts. Senator Richard J. Durbin described the cyberattack as tantamount to a declaration of war. [77][90] If able to contact one of those servers, this would alert the attackers of a successful malware deployment and offer the attackers a back door that the attackers could choose to utilise if they wished to exploit the system further. [141][142][143], However, it appeared that the attackers had deleted or altered records, and may have modified network or system settings in ways that could require manual review. The New York Times has more details.. About 18,000 private and government users downloaded a Russian tainted software update – a Trojan horse of sorts – that gave its hackers a foothold into victims’ systems, according to SolarWinds, the company whose software was compromised. [238][239], The attack prompted a debate on whether the hack should be treated as cyber-espionage, or as a cyberattack constituting an act of war. [211][212] Soon after, SolarWinds hired a new cybersecurity firm co-founded by Krebs. [1][4][35], The cyberattack that led to the federal breaches began no later than March 2020. [229] On December 19, Trump publicly addressed the attacks for the first time; he downplayed the hack, contended that the media had overblown the severity of the incident, said that "everything is well under control"; and proposed, without evidence, that China, rather than Russia, might be responsible for the attack. ソーラーウィンズ・インク（SolarWinds, Inc）は、ネットワーク・マネージメント・ソフトウェアの開発会社である。 1998年設立。 テキサス州 オースティンに本社を置く米国のITベン … [86][11] Once inside the target networks, the attackers pivoted, installing exploitation tools such as Cobalt strike components,[93][90] and seeking additional access. [4][35] FireEye said that additional government, consulting, technology, telecom and extractive entities in North America, Europe, Asia and the Middle East may also have been affected. [76] As of mid-December 2020, those investigations were ongoing. [1], Some days later, on December 13, when breaches at the Treasury and Department of Commerce breaches were publicly confirmed to exist, sources said that the FireEye breach was related. ", "Russia's Hack Wasn't Cyberwar. [115] One security researcher offers the likely operational date, February 27, 2020 with a significant change of aspect on October 30, 2020. [247], In the New York Times, Paul Kolbe, former CIA agent and director of the Intelligence Project at Harvard's Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, echoed Schneier's call for improvements in the U.S.'s cyberdefenses and international agreements. [126][127][128], On January 5, 2021, CISA, the FBI, the NSA, and the Office of the Director of National Intelligence, all confirmed that they believe Russia was the most likely culprit.[130][131][132]. [9][27][220] The NSC activated Presidential Policy Directive 41, an Obama-era emergency plan, and convened its Cyber Response Group. Senator Richard J. Durbin described the cyberattack as tantamount to a declaration of war. [1] Other prominent U.S. organisations known to use SolarWinds products, though not necessarily Orion, were the Los Alamos National Laboratory, Boeing, and most Fortune 500 companies. [20][21], During 2019 and 2020, cybersecurity firm Volexity discovered an attacker making suspicious usage of Microsoft products within the network of a think tank whose identity has not publicly been revealed. [207][153], GoDaddy handed ownership to Microsoft of a command-and-control domain used in the attack, allowing Microsoft to activate a killswitch in the Sunburst malware, and to discover which SolarWinds customers were infected. [13] Later, in June and July 2020, Volexity observed the attacker utilising the SolarWinds Orion trojan; i.e. [1][27][28] The hacking group Cozy Bear (APT29), backed by the Russian intelligence agency SVR, was identified as the cyberattackers. SolarWinds products with SunBurst backdoor [68][70], Multiple attack vectors were used in the course of breaching the various victims of the incident.[71][72]. SolarWinds Orion hack: Why cybersecurity experts are worried The US government is reeling from multiple data breaches at top federal agencies, the result of … [119], On October 22, 2020, CISA and the FBI identified the Microsoft zerologon attacker as Berserk Bear, a state-sponsored group believed to be part of Russia's FSB. This system, although unclassified, is highly sensitive because of the Treasury Department's role in making decisions that move the market, as well as decisions on economic sanctions and interactions with the Federal Reserve. [224], The Senate Armed Services Committee's cybersecurity subcommittee was briefed by Defense Department officials. [252], In the New York Times, Paul Kolbe, former CIA agent and director of the Intelligence Project at Harvard's Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, echoed Schneier's call for improvements in the U.S.'s cyberdefenses and international agreements. [222], The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) helped to compensate for a staffing shortfall at CISA. [113][8][24] U.S. officials stated that the specific groups responsible were probably the SVR or Cozy Bear (also known as APT29). [20][21] As of December 18, 2020, while it was definitively known that the Sunburst trojan would have provided suitable access to exploit the VMware bugs, it was not yet definitively known whether attackers had in fact chained those two exploits in the wild. [1][137] These investigations were complicated by: the fact that the attackers had in some cases removed evidence;[72] the need to maintain separate secure networks as organizations' main networks were assumed to be compromised;[72] and the fact that Orion was itself a network monitoring tool, without which users had less visibility of their networks. [78][111][81], Subsequent analysis of the SolarWinds compromise using DNS data and reverse engineering of Orion binaries, by DomainTools and ReversingLabs respectively, revealed additional details about the attacker's timeline. [1][4][134], Compromised versions were known to have been downloaded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Justice Department, and some utility companies. [15][16][17], Alongside this, "Zerologon", a vulnerability in the Microsoft authentication protocol NetLogon, allowed attackers to access all valid usernames and passwords in each Microsoft network that they breached. [99] By using command-and-control IP addresses based in the U.S., and because much of the malware involved was new, the attackers were able to evade detection by Einstein, a national cybersecurity system operated by the Department of Homeland Security (DHS). [54][55][56] Also at that time, the DHS, which manages CISA, lacked a Senate-confirmed Secretary, Deputy Secretary, General Counsel, Undersecretary for Intelligence and Analysis, and Undersecretary for Management; and Trump had recently forced out the Deputy Director of CISA. [89][4][100], Vulnerabilities in VMware Access and VMware Identity Manager, allowing existing network intruders to pivot and gain persistence, were utilized in 2020 by Russian state-sponsored attackers. [60], SolarWinds, a Texas-based provider of network monitoring software to the U.S. federal government, had shown several security shortcomings prior to the attack. [34] Within days of its discovery, at least 200 organizations around the world had been reported to be affected by the attack, and some of these may also have suffered data breaches. [128], On December 8, 2020, before other organizations were known to have been breached, FireEye published countermeasures against the red team tools that had been stolen from FireEye. [139] Cyberconflict professor Thomas Rid said the stolen data would have myriad uses. [173][174][175], President Donald Trump made no comment on the hack for days after it was reported, leading Senator Mitt Romney to decry his "silence and inaction". [109][110], After discovering that attack, FireEye reported it to the U.S. National Security Agency (NSA), a federal agency responsible for helping to defend the U.S. from cyberattacks. [46][129] Senatory Wyden said that the briefing showed that the Treasury "still does not know all of the actions taken by hackers, or precisely what information was stolen". [212], SolarWinds unpublished its featured customer list after the hack,[213] although as of December 15, cybersecurity firm GreyNoise Intelligence said SolarWinds had not removed the infected software updates from its distribution server. [94][77][95] Once these additional footholds had been obtained, disabling the compromised Orion software would no longer be sufficient to sever the attackers' access to the target network. [5][97][98] Having accessed data of interest, they encrypted and exfiltrated it. [41] In the following days, more departments and private organizations reported breaches. [21][113], SolarWinds said it believed the malware insertion into Orion was performed by a foreign nation. [18][19] Microsoft called it Solorigate. [11][43][82][83][84] These users included U.S. government customers in the executive branch, the military, and the intelligence services (see Impact section, below). [50][51], The federal data breach occurred over the course of at least 8 or 9 months during the final year of the presidency of Donald Trump. [240] Most current and former U.S. officials considered the 2020 Russian hack to be a "stunning and distressing feat of espionage" but not a cyberattack because the Russians did not appear to destroy or manipulate data or cause physical damage (for example, to the electrical grid). [66][67], On December 7, 2020, a few days before trojaned SolarWinds software was publicly confirmed to have been used to attack other organizations, longstanding SolarWinds CEO Kevin Thompson retired. [137] He added that the amount of data taken was likely to be many times greater than during Moonlight Maze, and if printed would form a stack far taller than the Washington Monument. [1][136] These investigations were complicated by: the fact that the attackers had in some cases removed evidence;[71] the need to maintain separate secure networks as organizations' main networks were assumed to be compromised;[71] and the fact that Orion was itself a network monitoring tool, without which users had less visibility of their networks. [7], Some time before December 3, 2020, the NSA discovered and notified VMware of vulnerabilities in VMware Access and VMware Identity Manager. In 2020, a major cyberattack by a group backed by a foreign government penetrated multiple parts of the United States federal government, leading to a series of data breaches. ", "SolarWinds Orion: More US government agencies hacked", "Russian hack was 'classic espionage' with stealthy, targeted tactics", "Microsoft warns UK companies were targeted by SolarWinds hackers", "Group Behind SolarWinds Hack Bypassed MFA to Access Emails at US Think Tank", "SolarWinds hackers have a clever way to bypass multi-factor authentication", "Russian hackers compromised Microsoft cloud customers through third party, putting emails and other data at risk", "Suspected Russian hackers used Microsoft vendors to breach customers", "Russians Are Believed to Have Used Microsoft Resellers in Cyberattacks", "Microsoft, FireEye confirm SolarWinds supply chain attack", "Sunburst Trojan – What You Need to Know", "VMware Flaw a Vector in SolarWinds Breach? The magnitude of the hacking, now believed to have affected more than 250 federal agencies and businesses — primarily through … [53][39][40] The incumbent, Chris Krebs, had been fired by Trump on November 18, 2020. [9][10] The attackers exploited software or credentials from at least three U.S. firms: Microsoft, SolarWinds, and VMware. U.S. and private sector investigators have spent the holidays combing through logs to try to understand whether their data has been stolen or modified. From top, clockwise: List of confirmed connected data breaches. The SolarWinds hack strikes at the heart of the U.S. and its administration. Then they used SolarWinds to hack the real high-value target(s). [26][25] The cyberattack and data breach were reported to be among the worst cyber-espionage incidents ever suffered by the U.S., due to the sensitivity and high profile of the targets and the long duration (eight to nine months) in which the hackers had access. [1][134][6], SolarWinds said that of its 300,000 customers, 33,000 use Orion. [14] Later, in June and July 2020, Volexity observed the attacker utilising the SolarWinds Orion trojan; i.e. [9] On December 13, 2020, CISA issued an emergency directive asking federal agencies to disable the SolarWinds software, to reduce the risk of additional intrusions, even though doing so would reduce those agencies' ability to monitor their computer networks. U.S. federal institutions reportedly breached. [1] The NSA uses SolarWinds software itself. [123][122][120][225][226] He speculated, without evidence, that the attack might also have involved a "hit" on voting machines, part of a long-running campaign by Trump to falsely assert that he won the 2020 election. [3][63] Cybercriminals had been selling access to SolarWinds's infrastructure since at least as early as 2017. The information that is emerging about Russia’s extensive cyberintelligence operation against the United States and other countries should be increasingly alarming to the public. [4][96][97] Having accessed data of interest, they encrypted and exfiltrated it. [4], Simply downloading a compromised version of Orion was not necessarily sufficient to result in a data breach; further investigation was required in each case to establish whether a breach resulted. Ars Technica. Trump's claim was rebutted by former CISA director Chris Krebs, who pointed out that Trump's claim was not possible. FireEye discovered a supply chain attack trojanizing SolarWinds Orion business software updates in order to distribute malware we call SUNBURST. [46][129], On December 23, 2020, Senator Bob Menendez asked the State Department to end its silence about the extent of its breach, and Senator Richard Blumenthal asked the same of the Veterans Administration. [35] Within days of its discovery, at least 200 organizations around the world had been reported to be affected by the attack, and some of these may also have suffered data breaches. With shared cloud resources and managed services, serious security breaches can have ripple effects across different and disparate systems and organizations. [23][24], Additionally, a flaw in Microsoft's Outlook Web App may have allowed attackers to bypass multi-factor authentication. [13][101] On December 23, 2020, the CEO of FireEye said Russia was the most likely culprit and the attacks were "very consistent" with the SVR. The SolarWinds hack has, perhaps most significantly, shown how interconnected many businesses are in the tech, retail, service, and infrastructure spaces are. In a statement, the Santa Clara, California-based c SolarWinds Breach Some mornings, when your alarm clock fires off, you just roll over and slap the “snooze” button. [141] Anti-malware companies additionally advised searching log files for specific indicators of compromise. [78][1] Because Orion was connected to customers' Office 365 accounts as a trusted 3rd-party application, the attackers were able to access emails and other confidential documents. Suspected state attackers had succeeded in infecting a DLL in SolarWinds’ Orion software with a backdoor called SOLARBURST. The malware, affecting a product made by U.S. company SolarWinds, gave elite hackers remote access into an organization's networks so they could steal information. [27][26] The cyberattack and data breach were reported to be among the worst cyber-espionage incidents ever suffered by the U.S., due to the sensitivity and high profile of the targets and the long duration (eight to nine months) in which the hackers had access. [238][239], In January 2021, Biden named appointees for two relevant White House positions: Elizabeth Sherwood-Randall as homeland security adviser, and Anne Neuberger as deputy national security adviser for cyber and emerging technology. [242] Law professor Jack Goldsmith wrote that the hack was a damaging act of cyber-espionage but "does not violate international law or norms" and wrote that "because of its own practices, the U.S. government has traditionally accepted the legitimacy of foreign governmental electronic spying in U.S. government networks. [68] The firms denied insider trading. [245] Most current and former U.S. officials considered the 2020 Russian hack to be a "stunning and distressing feat of espionage" but not a cyberattack because the Russians did not appear to destroy or manipulate data or cause physical damage (for example, to the electrical grid). [87][12] Once inside the target networks, the attackers pivoted, installing exploitation tools such as Cobalt strike components,[94][91] and seeking additional access. "[231], Former Homeland Security Advisor Thomas P. Bossert said, "President Trump is on the verge of leaving behind a federal government, and perhaps a large number of major industries, compromised by the Russian government," and noted that congressional action, including via the National Defense Authorization Act would be required to mitigate the damage caused by the attacks. [246] Erica Borghard of the Atlantic Council and Columbia's Saltzman Institute and Jacquelyn Schneider of the Hoover Institution and Naval War College argued that the breach was an act of espionage that could be responded to with "arrests, diplomacy, or counterintelligence" and had not yet been shown to be a cyberattack, a classification that would legally allow the U.S. to respond with force. Discovery of the breaches at the Treasury and the Department of Commerce immediately raised concerns that the attackers would attempt to breach other departments, or had already done so. [153][149], On December 22, 2020, after U.S. Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin told reporters that he was "completely on top of this", the Senate Finance Committee was briefed by Microsoft that dozens of Treasury email accounts had been breached, and the attackers had accessed systems of the Treasury's Departmental Offices division, home to top Treasury officials. [52][53] When the breach was discovered, the U.S. also lacked a Senate-confirmed Director of CISA, the nation's top cybersecurity official, responsible for coordinating incident response. [8][137] Commentators said that the information stolen in the attack would increase the perpetrator's influence for years to come. [1][28][29] The hacking group Cozy Bear (APT29), backed by the Russian intelligence agency SVR, was identified as the likely culprit. "[250][251] U.S. [4][64] Cybercriminals had been selling access to SolarWinds's infrastructure since at least as early as 2017. [77] The attackers accessed the build system belonging to the software company SolarWinds, possibly via SolarWinds's Microsoft Office 365 account, which had also been compromised at some point. [1] Within days, additional federal departments were found to have been breached. The company was co-founded by Donald Yonce (a former executive at Walmart ) and his brother David Yonce. If you think about data that is only available to the CEO, or data that is only available to IT services, [the attacker would get] all of this data. [43][21] A supply chain attack on Microsoft cloud services provided one way for the attackers to breach their victims, depending upon whether the victims had bought those services through a reseller. ", "VMware Falls on Report Its Software Led to SolarWinds Breach", "Russian Hackers Have Been Inside Austin City Network for Months", "CISA orders agencies to quickly patch critical Netlogon bug", "REFILE-EXCLUSIVE-U.S. Treasury breached by hackers backed by foreign government – sources", "Russian government spies are behind a broad hacking campaign that has breached U.S. agencies and a top cyber firm", "Federal government breached by Russian hackers who targeted FireEye", "US cyber-attack: Russia 'clearly' behind SolarWinds operation, says Pompeo", "How Russia's 'Info Warrior' Hackers Let Kremlin Play Geopolitics on the Cheap", "Opinion | I Was the Homeland Security Adviser to Trump. He also noted that the US is engaged in similar operations against other countries in what he described as an ambient cyber-conflict. ", "SolarWinds falls under scrutiny after hack, stock sales", "More Hacking Attacks Found as Officials Warn of 'Grave Risk' to U.S. Government", "How the SolarWinds Hackers Bypassed Duo's Multi-Factor Authentication – Schneier on Security", "US treasury hacked by foreign government group – report", "Foreign government hacked into US Treasury Department's emails – reports", "No One Knows How Deep Russia's Hacking Rampage Goes", "~18,000 organizations downloaded backdoor planted by Cozy Bear hackers", "Third malware strain discovered in SolarWinds supply chain attack", "SolarWinds Discloses Earlier Evidence of Hack", "Trump administration says Russia behind SolarWinds hack. [88][3][99], Vulnerabilities in VMware Access and VMware Identity Manager, allowing existing network intruders to pivot and gain persistence, were utilized in 2020 by Russian state-sponsored attackers. 81 ] the Committee 's vice-chairman, Mark Warner, criticized President Trump for failing to acknowledge or to. 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